Home-automation system for a building and building comprising such a home-automation system

ABSTRACT

This home-automation system for a building comprises: home-automation equipment, distributed within areas of the building; and a communication network, to which the home-automation equipment is connected, and authorizing an inter-communication of the home-automation equipment according to a predefined communication protocol. The communication network is a hard-wired hierarchical network comprising: a first network of rank n; a plurality of sub-networks of lower hierarchical rank n-1, connected to the first network, each sub-network being associated with an area and containing at least one of the home-automation equipment items; each sub-network of the lower hierarchical rank n-1 being hooked up to the first network of rank n by a network equipment item.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a home automation system for a buildingas well as a building comprising such a home automation system.

More generally, the invention relates to the field of automatedoperations for buildings, both for commercial buildings and residentialbuildings, whether they are individual or collective.

Description of the Related Art

Many buildings exist that are provided with controllable electricalequipment seeking to perform comfort and energy management functions,such as heating, ventilation and air conditioning, but also managementof the light and control of the opening frames, such as shutters orrolling blinds placed in front of the windows of the building or remotesecuring by controlling closing systems (doors, locks). The automatedoperations are the sets of rules that govern the control of theelectrical equipment by a programmable supervision system, in order toensure better comfort of the occupants of the building or to optimizeenergy consumption. These automated operations are referred to as“Building Automation Systems”. In the residential sector, buildingautomation systems are more often referred to as “home automation”. Forsimplification purposes, the term “home automation” will be usedhereinafter to refer to both residential and service sectorapplications.

Typically, the equipment items in a same building are connected to acontrol unit, which serves to supervise these equipment items andcontrol their operation. This connection is often made by connecting theequipment items by dedicated wired connections. For example, eachequipment item is connected directly to the control unit by means of oneor several cables, according to a master/slave configuration.

Such a situation is not, however, always satisfactory, since theslightest modification of the home automation system or the operation ofthe equipment items requires recabling the system, which is expensiveand complicated to carry out inasmuch as this requires using aspecialized installer.

In other known systems, this connection is made by connecting theequipment items to a shared data bus, such as a multipoint busauthorizing a two-way connection, for example of type RS485. This databus is coupled to the central unit, so as to form a network thatauthorizes the exchange of data among the equipment items and thecontrol unit.

However, such a situation has drawbacks.

On the one hand, the installation of the system is more complicated,since the equipment items must each be configured manually in order toconfigure their operation and make them able to communicate over thenetwork. It is therefore necessary to add, in addition to a cablingoperation that is already cumbersome in itself, an entire networkconfiguration phase that again requires the participation of specializedinstallers.

Additionally, to a certain extent, this situation also offers limitedflexibility, since any modification after installation requiresreconfiguring, or even recabling the network, whether by adding newequipment items or in order to modify their distribution in thebuilding.

On the other hand, this known situation has limitations in terms of thenumber of equipment items that can be received in the network. Forexample, the solutions of type RS485 commonly used have limitedaddressing capabilities, and in practice only make it possible toconnect a maximum of 255 individual equipment items on a same bus. Thislimit is prohibitive when it involves equipping large buildings and/orbuildings comprising a large number of equipment items to be managed.Yet modern applications make it necessary to be able to manage a more orless large number of equipment items, for example in the context of theInternet of things or the so-called smart management of buildings.

Furthermore, the architecture of these known networks can lead to theappearance of substantial lag times during the communication between anequipment item and the control unit. This in particular can be explainedby the fact that the control is centralized and the information emittedby the equipment items must escalate toward the bus to be processed in acentralized manner by the control unit. Yet for certain applications,too great a lag time can generate dissatisfaction in the user wishing touse the equipment item, or even be detrimental to the proper working ofthe equipment.

The invention more specifically aims to address these drawbacks byproposing a home automation system comprising an improved communicationnetwork that makes it possible to manage a large number of homeautomation equipment items more simply within a building while allowingbetter upgradability and usage flexibility than in the known solutions.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

To that end, the invention relates to a home automation system for abuilding, this building being divided into several areas, the homeautomation system being characterized in that it includes:

-   -   home automation equipment items, distributed within areas of the        building, and    -   a communication network, to which the home automation equipment        items are connected, this communication network authorizing an        intercommunication of the home automation equipment items        according to a predefined communication protocol;

the communication network being a hardwired hierarchical networkincluding:

-   -   a first network of rank n,    -   a plurality of subnetworks of lower hierarchical rank n-1,        connected to the first network, each subnetwork being associated        with an area of the building, each subnetwork containing at        least one of the home automation equipment items; each        subnetwork of lower hierarchical rank n-1 being connected to the        first network of rank n by a network equipment item, such as a        router.

Owing to the invention, the communication network item makes it possibleto manage a large number of home automation equipment items within thebuilding, while having an increased installation and upgradeflexibility. The hierarchical communication network architecture makesit possible to manage a large number of equipment items, each equipmentitem being a communicating element of the home automation system, whilehaving an increased installation and upgrade flexibility.

In such a hierarchical architecture, the system includes a main networkof higher hierarchical level, and multiple subnetworks of lowerhierarchical levels, connected by network equipment items, gateways orrouters, to the subnetwork of rank higher than their own.

According to advantageous but optional aspects of the invention, such asystem may incorporate one or more of the following features, consideredalone or according to any technically allowable combination:

At least a part of the home automation equipment items of thecommunication network is configured to provide information to the otherhome automation equipment items with an adjustable diffusion rangeintended solely for the subnetwork of lower hierarchical rank n-1 inwhich it is located, or several of the subnetworks of lower hierarchicalrank n-1 or the entirety of the network of rank n and subnetworks withrank n-1.

The network equipment item is configured to inhibit the propagation ofinformation to the home automation equipment items of subnetworks ofequal hierarchical rank if the adjustable diffusion range is a localrange.

The network equipment item authorizes the propagation of information tothe home automation equipment items of subnetworks of lower hierarchicalrank if the adjustable diffusion range is a local range.

The communication protocol is the IP protocol, preferably the IPv6protocol.

The network of hierarchical rank n is a main network comprising a commondata bus, and in that among the subnetworks, at least a first of thesesubnetworks is connected to the main network by means of a networkequipment item in the form of a connection gateway between the commondata bus and the first hardwired subnetwork, the physical medium of themain network and the first subnetwork being different.

The common data bus is an Ethernet link.

The network of hierarchical rank n and the subnetworks of lowerhierarchical rank n-1 comprise identical physical media, each of thesubnetworks being connected to the network of hierarchical rank n bymeans of a network equipment item such as a router.

The home automation equipment items of a same subnetwork areinterconnected using a physical link such as a multipoint data bus,preferably a wired link of type RS485.

The network equipment items and the home automation equipment items areeach equipped with a network interface that connects them to thecommunication network, this network interface being programmed toimplement a network stack according to the predefined communicationprotocol.

A home automation equipment item is a controllable home automationapparatus provided with a controllable actuator, or a control point, ora sensor.

According to another aspect, the invention relates to a building, forexample for domestic, commercial or industrial use, comprising severalareas and equipped with a home automation system comprising homeautomation equipment items distributed within areas of the building, thehome automation system being as previously described.

According to another aspect, the invention relates to a method forconfiguring a home automation system as previously described, comprisingthe following steps:

-   -   Installing a control point having a predefined subnetwork        broadcast range in a first subnetwork (SSN1, SSN2) of a        communication network of the home automation system;    -   Sending, to the communication network, a first command in        multicast mode from this control point;    -   Verifying that the first command applies only to the home        automation equipment items of the first subnetwork, the        configuration of the home automation system being considered        incorrect otherwise;    -   Installing the control point in a second subnetwork with rank n,        having a rank higher than the rank of the first subnetwork;    -   Sending, to the communication network, a second command in        multicast mode from the control point;    -   Verifying that the second command applies to the elements of the        second subnetwork with rank n as well as the elements of the        subnetworks of rank lower than rank n, the configuration of the        home automation system being considered incorrect otherwise.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention will be better understood, and other advantages thereofwill appear more clearly, in light of the following description of oneembodiment of a home automation system for a building, provided solelyas an example and done in reference to the appended drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a building comprising a homeautomation system according to the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a communication network of thehome automation system of FIG. 1 for connecting equipment items of thehome automation system;

FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a network interface used inequipment items of the home automation system belonging to thecommunication network of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary network addressstructure for identifying the equipment items of the communicationnetwork of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a network equipment item used inthe communication network of FIG. 2.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 1 shows a building 2, comprising several areas Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4. Thebuilding 2 is equipped with a home automation system 4 that includes aset of home automation equipment items distributed in the areas of thebuilding 2, as well as a control system for these home automationequipment items.

The home automation system 4 here is intended to procure comfort andenergy management functions of the building 2, such as the heating,ventilation and air conditioning, as well as management functions forthe lighting and control of the opening frames, such as shutters orrolling blinds placed in front of windows of the building 2 and/orsecurity functions such as monitoring of the premises and the alarm.

The set of home automation equipment items comprises home automationequipment items such as controllable home automation apparatuses 6,control points 8 and sensors 10, able to perform the above functions.

The control system in particular includes a programmable control unit 12and a communication network 14, inside the building 2, the communicationnetwork 14 being arranged to allow the communication of the homeautomation equipment items of the home automation system 4 with oneanother and with the control unit 12. The home automation equipmentitems of the home automation system 4 that are connected to thiscommunication network 14 are said, hereinafter, to belong to thecommunication network 14.

The home automation equipment items and the control system here areconnected to one or several electric power sources, not illustrated, ofthe building 2.

The areas of the building 2 correspond to portions of the building 2that are located inside and/or outside this building and that areintended each to receive part of the home automation equipment items ofthe home automation system 4.

The building 2 can be a set of offices, or a building for residentialuse, or a building for commercial or industrial use, or any combinationof these uses. It can in particular be a multi-unit building or anindividual house.

Thus, within the meaning of the present disclosure, the term “homeautomation” is not limited to purely domestic and residential use.

For example, areas of the building 2 correspond to levels of thebuilding 2, such as floors or basements. These areas can also be rooms,groups of rooms of the building 2, optionally separated from one anotherby partitions, these rooms being able to be distributed within one orseveral levels of the building 2.

These areas can be delimited independently of the physical structure ofthe building 2. For example, a same room of the building 2 can includeseveral areas. Such areas can also be located outside the building 2,for example when they correspond to a façade or a façade portion of thebuilding 2. These areas can also correspond to façades or façadeportions, such a façade portion corresponding to a same floor.

These areas are for example defined during the design of the building 2and/or during the design and/or the installation of the home automationsystem 4.

Preferably, the areas of the building 2 are separate from one another.However, in a variant, areas of the building 2 can intersect and/or beinterleaved with one another.

In this example, only four areas, here denoted Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4, aredefined in reference to the building 2. However, in practice, thisnumber can be different. It is in particular adapted as a function ofthe configuration of the building 2 and functions of the home automationsystem 4.

To simplify FIG. 1, the areas Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4 are illustratedschematically inside a same floor of the building 2.

Preferably, each controllable home automation apparatus 6 includes anactuator controllable using at least one control signal.

The home automation apparatuses 6 here are illustrated identically.However, they can have differences relative to one another and performdifferent functions within the home automation system 4.

For example, the actuator of the apparatus 6 comprises an electricmotor, the actuator acting on a mechanical load and arranged to moveand/or adjust an element of the building 2.

According to one example, the mechanical load of the apparatus 6 is aconcealing blind, such as a panel, a shutter or an opaque curtain,associated with at least one opening of the building 2, such as a windowor a bay window. The movement of this concealing blind makes it possibleto regulate the quantity of sunshine received by the building 2 throughthis opening.

According to another example, the mechanical load of the apparatus 6 isa compressor configured to carry out an expansion-compression cycle of aheat transfer fluid within a refrigeration system of the building 2,such as an air conditioner or a heat pump, in order to regulate thetemperature inside the building 2.

According to still another example, the mechanical load of the apparatus6 is a pump or a fan configured to set a volume of fluid in motionwithin the building 2, for example to suction or blow air within aventilation system, or to circulate water or a heat transfer fluidwithin a dedicated duct.

In a variant, the actuator of the apparatus 6 can control an electricswitching device, in order to control the illumination and extinction ofa light source, such as a neon or light-emitting diode light, within thebuilding 2.

The controllable home automation apparatus 6 can also be a light, forexample an inside light, outside light, or a lighting control system, analarm system, or a video camera, in particular a video surveillancecamera.

A control point 8 is intended to receive control instructions from auser of the building 2, so as to control, directly or indirectly, one orseveral of the controllable home automation apparatuses 6 and/or tocontrol the control unit 12. To that end, each control point 8 herecontrols a man-machine interface, not illustrated, comprising data entrymeans, such as one or several switches and/or one or several pushbuttonsand/or one or several rotary buttons and/or a touchscreen. The controlpoint 8 can also include a connection interface for connecting externalcontrol means, for example one or several individual switches positionedaround the control point 8 and connected to the latter by a wired link.

The man-machine interface of the control point 8 can also includedisplay means, such as lighted indicators and/or an electronic screen,for example with liquid crystals, in order to display, to the user,information relative to the operation of the home automation system 4 orinstructions entered on said man-machine interface.

The control points 8 can assume the form of a portable remote controlassociated with a fixed receiver or, in a variant, a fixed controlterminal secured to a wall of the building 2.

Here again, the control points 8 are illustrated here identically, butthey can have differences relative to one another and perform differentfunctions within the home automation system 4.

Each sensor 10 is designed to convert one or several physical propertiesrelative to the state of the building 2 or its environment into one orseveral signals proportional to this physical property. This signal isfor example an electric signal, a light signal or a radiofrequencysignal. This signal can be transmitted by the sensor to at least onehome automation equipment item and/or control system, for example, thecontrol unit 12.

One or several sensors 10 can be integrated into a controllable homeautomation apparatus 6, a control point 8 or the control unit 14. Thehome automation installation 4 can comprise one or several sensorsindependent from these elements.

For example, the physical properties measured by the sensors 10 are,non-limitingly, a temperature, for example a temperature of a wall orthe ambient air, a humidity level, a brightness value, or a pressure ofthe ambient air, a consumption value for example of water, gas orelectricity, the opening state of a rolling shutter, the position of anopening frame such as a window, which may or may not be motorized, orthe presence or absence of a user.

Here again, the sensors 10 are illustrated here identically, but canhave differences relative to one another within the home automationsystem 4.

Generally, each home automation equipment item comprises a networkinterface 40, which allows it to communicate over the network 14 andwhich will be defined later in the disclosure.

As an illustrative example, in FIG. 1, the zone Z1 includes three homeautomation apparatuses 6, a control point 8 and a sensor 10. The area Z2includes three home automation apparatuses 6. The area Z3 includes ahome automation apparatus 6, a control point 8 and a sensor 10. The areaZ4 includes a home automation apparatus 6 and a sensor 10.

For example, the three controllable home automation apparatuses 6 of thearea Z2 are suitable for moving the concealing blinds equipping openingsof the building 2 arranged at this area Z2. Still in this example, thehome automation apparatuses 6 of the area Z1 here are part of an airconditioning and refrigeration system of the air circulating in the areaZ1. Their operation is regulated as a function of control ordersreceived by the control point 8 and as a function of a temperaturemeasured by the sensor 10 located in this area Z1.

Each home automation equipment item of the home automation system 4, inparticular including the controllable home automation apparatuses 6, thecontrol points 8 and the sensors 10, is connected to the control unit 12via the communication network 14 and to that end includes a networkinterface 40 for connecting to this communication network 14. Thecontrol unit 12 also includes a network interface 40.

For example, each home automation apparatus 6 receives control signalsby means of the communication network 14. Each control point 8 transmitsthe control instructions received by means of the communication network14. Each sensor 10 sends the measured information by means of thecommunication network 14.

The communication is done according to a given communication protocol.

This communication is done here by an exchange of messages, for examplein the form of packets, these messages each containing a header, whichincludes a destination of the message, and useful data, such as acommand order or a physical property value measured by a sensor.Preferably, the communication protocol used is an IP protocol (InternetProtocol), for example the IPv6 protocol. In a variant, thecommunication protocol is the IPv4 protocol.

FIG. 2 shows a more detailed example of the communication network 14. Tofacilitate the reading of this FIG. 2, the home automation equipmentitems associated with the areas Z3 and Z4 of the building 2 are notillustrated.

The communication network 14 is a hierarchical network with severalhierarchy levels, also called ranks. It includes a main network B, whichin particular includes a common data bus 20, forming a backbone 20, towhich the control unit 12 is connected. For example, the backbone 20 isa hard-wired link of the Ethernet type, for example Ethernet 100 Mbit/sor greater.

This main network B is identified here by an identifier, denoted GRP,which is incorporated into the network address of each communicatingelement belonging to this network B.

The network 14 also includes at least one subnetwork, genericallydenoted by reference SN. This subnetwork includes a network equipmentitem 22, 24, which is connected to the backbone 20 and which forms ahead of this subnetwork SN. It may be an interconnected networkequipment item, also called gateway 22, configured to interconnect twoseparate network portions, for example, with different technologies. Itmay also be a router 24 when the main network B and the subnetwork SNare of the same nature. The gateways and the routers have similarfunctionalities, with the difference that the router does not convertthe data transmission formats. These two network equipment items areintermediate elements of the communication network 14 performing therouting of the packets. Their role is to cause packets to pass from onenetwork interface 40 to another according to a set of rules forming arouting table. In the example of FIG. 2, two gateways 22 are connectedto the backbone 20, thus forming two separate subnetworks. Only one ofthese two subnetworks, bearing reference SN1, is described hereinafter.

In a variant, the number of subnetworks SN can be different.

The subnetworks SN are directly connected to the main network viagateways, and have an associated first rank in the hierarchical network.

Each subnetwork SN contains at least one home automation equipment item6, 8, 10 of the home automation system 4, connected to the correspondinggateway 22 via a physical link 26, which is preferably hard-wired.

The communication network 14 further includes sub-subnetworks of ranklower than that of the subnetworks SN, and are generically denoted bythe reference SSN.

Each subnetwork SN is identified here by an identifier SID, which hereis incorporated into the network address of each element belonging tothis subnetwork SN.

Each subnetwork SN contains at least one home automation equipment itemof the home automation system 4, connected to the corresponding networkequipment item 22 via a physical link, which is preferably hard-wired.

Each subnetwork SN of rank n advantageously contains one or severalsubnetworks of lower rank, called rank “n-1”, within which homeautomation equipment items of the subnetwork SN are distributed. Eachsubnetwork of lower rank, which is called sub-subnetwork and genericallydenoted by reference SSN, advantageously includes a router 24 hereforming a head of this subnetwork SSN of lower rank. The router 24 hereis connected to the network equipment item 22 via a physical link, whichis preferably hard-wired.

Within the meaning of the present disclosure, a router is a hardware andsoftware tool forming an intermediate element in a network and steeringdata between one and several parts of the network. The direction givento the data, or routing, is done according to a set of rules forming arouting table. A gateway is a specific router, which also performs, inaddition to routing functions, a function of translating messagescirculating on the network, inasmuch as the physical means and/orprotocols differ between two network portions. Each subnetwork of lowerrank SSN thus includes one or several home automation equipment items,connected to the corresponding router 24 by means of a physical link 26and owing to their respective network interfaces 40. The equipment itemsconnected to a same router 24 here are said to be part of a same localsubnetwork.

Each subnetwork SSN is identified here by an identifier SSID, which hereis incorporated into the network address of each communicating elementbelonging to this subnetwork SSN.

Optionally, each subnetwork SSN can include one or several subnetworksof still lower rank, here generically denoted by reference SSSN.

Each of these subnetworks SSSN here has a structure similar to that ofthe subnetworks SN or SSN, such that the above description can beapplied to them. For example, each subnetwork SSSN includes a router 24that is connected to a subnetwork SSN of higher rank and includes homeautomation equipment items that are connected to this router 24 by meansof a physical link similar to the link 26.

The network 14 can also include other subnetworks SSSN of still lowerrank.

Thus, the communication network 14 is a hierarchical network, that is tosay, it has a hierarchical structure, with subnetworks of different rankthat may be interleaved with one another.

For example, the network 14 may include up to nine or ten layers, orranks, of different subnetworks connected to the main network B.

The home automation equipment items of the home automation system 4 thatare connected to this communication network 14 are said, hereinafter, tobelong to the communication network 14. Each of the home automationequipment items of the system 4 connected at a subnetwork SN, SSN orSSSN belongs to this subnetwork SN, SSN or SSSN.

The subnetworks SN, SSN and SSSN can each be associated with an area ofthe building 2.

A subnetwork SN, SSN or SSSN is said to be “associated” with an area Z1,Z2, Z3, Z4 of the building 2 when the home automation equipment items 6,8, 10 belonging to this subnetwork are in turn associated with thisarea, for example because they are physically located inside this areaZ1, Z2, Z3, Z4 of the building 2.

In the illustrated example, each subnetwork SSN is associated with suchan area Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4 of the building 2.

More specifically, in the example of FIG. 2, the subnetwork SN1 containsa control point 8, as well as two subnetworks of lower rank, denotedSSN1 and SSN2 and also called first and second subnetworks, respectivelyincluding a first router 24 and a second router 24. The first and secondrouter organize the network into subnetworks, the router forming thehead of the subnetwork and thus forming a network topology. A networktopology thus corresponds to the (physical or logic) architecturethereof, defining the connections between the equipment items of thenetwork and any hierarchy between them.

The first subnetwork SSN1 contains a control point 8 as well as two homeautomation apparatuses 6 and a sensor 10, connected to the first router24 by a physical link 26, such as a multipoint data bus. This firstsubnetwork SSN1 is associated with the area Z1 previously described. Thecontrol point 8, the apparatuses 6 and the sensor 10 are therefore thosepreviously described as belonging to the area Z1.

Similarly, the second subnetwork SSN2 here contains three homeautomation apparatuses 6, connected to the second router 24 by aphysical link 26. This second sub-subnetwork SSN2 is associated with thearea Z2 previously described. These apparatuses 6 are therefore thosepreviously described as belonging to the area Z2.

In a variant, the networks SN, SSN and SSSN can be different in numberand/or include home automation elements other than those illustratedhere.

The number and the structure of the subnetworks SN, SSN, SSSN, as wellas their association with the areas of the building 2, are preferablychosen as a function of the configuration of the building 2 andfunctionalities fulfilled by the home automation system 4.

As an illustration and non-limitingly, a subnetwork SN is associatedwith a floor of the building 2, the subnetworks SSN of lower rank n-1attached to this subnetwork SN are each associated with a room of thisfloor of the building 2, and the subnetworks SSSN attached to each ofthese subnetworks SSN are each associated with a portion of one of therooms, or associated with the same room but bringing togetherapparatuses 6 of the same type: one subnetwork SSSN for the apparatuses6 governing the lighting in this room, one for the apparatuses 6controlling the concealing blinds associated with the windows of thisroom, one for the apparatuses 6 seeing to the operation of the airconditioning in this room.

In this example, the physical link that connects each network equipmentitem 22 to the home automation equipment items and the routers 24 is amultipoint serial data bus of type RS485, also known under the nameEIA-485. Likewise, the physical links 26 here are multipoint data busesof type RS485.

Since the number of home automation equipment items connected within asubnetwork SSN is reduced relative to the total number of homeautomation equipment items in the entire system 4, the choice of a linkof type RS485 is not prohibitive here, unlike the case where all of thehome automation equipment items of the system 4 would be connected tosuch an RS485 data bus. The use of a physical link 26 of type RS485 hasadvantages in this communication network 14, since it makes it possibleto use long data buses, for example up to 1 km long, without overlydeteriorating the quality of the signal circulating therein. Thelimitation of the number of home automation equipment items 6, 8, 10and/or network equipment items 22, 24 connected on a same physical link26 is not penalizing, owing to the hierarchical architecture that makesit possible to interconnect a large number of subnetworks.

Optionally, the control unit 12 is configured to be connected to anoutside data network 30, such as the Internet, independently of thecommunication network 14. In FIG. 2, the gateways 22 are interconnectednetwork equipment items between an Ethernet data bus and a RS485 databus.

In this way, the control unit 12 can communicate with a remote computerserver connected to this outside network 30, for example to send reportson the operating state of the system 4 for diagnostic purposes, or toreceive control instructions. The control unit 12 can also communicateby this outside network 30 with one or several remote users providedwith computers 32 or mobile communication terminals 34 such assmartphone apparatuses, or touch-sensitive tablets or any otherequivalent equipment.

The communication network 14 is suitable for working according to apredefined communication protocol, such as the IP protocol, in order toprovide communication between the communicating elements of the system 4that are connected to this network 14, these elements in particularincluding the home automation equipment items previously defined, andnetwork equipment items such as the gateways 22 and the routers 24. Thenetwork 14 is preferably compatible with the IPv6 protocol.

This communication protocol here is implemented using network interfacesthat equip the various elements of the system 4 that here are connectedby the network 14, in particular owing to the network interfaces 40 withwhich the home automation equipment items are provided and owing to thecorresponding network interfaces of the network equipment items, such asgateways 22 and routers 24. For example, these network interfaces eachimplement a protocol stack, that is to say, a set of protocol layers,each protocol layer basing itself on those below it in order to provideadditional functionality.

FIG. 3 schematically shows the network interface of a communicatingelement. The network interface of a communicating element serves toconnect this communicating element to one or several communicationnetworks. It thus allows it to communicate with the other communicatingelements of the network(s) to which it is connected.

As illustrated in FIG. 3, each network interface 40 includes a networkcontroller 42, a computer memory 44 and a transceiver module 46, thismodule 46 here being provided with a connector that physically connectsit to a physical layer of the network 14.

In this example, the physical layer of the network 14 is partiallyformed by the links 26.

In a known manner, the controller 42 includes an electronic computerprogrammed to process data passing through the network 14 and theconnector 46.

For example, the controller 42 is programmed to automatically processthe data received on the connector 46 and intended for it, in particularto extract and decode the content of received packets and to send thiscontent to the home automation equipment item with which it isassociated. In a complementary manner, the controller 42 is programmedto automatically prepare the data emitted by the home automationequipment item with which it is associated, in order to send it to oneor several home automation equipment items connected to the network 14.

The memory 44 here contains a network address 50, a network addressportion or at least one identifier, not illustrated, making it possibleto uniquely identify the interface 40 on the network 14 and whichtherefore identifies the corresponding home automation equipment item onthe network 4. The network interface 40 here is compatible with the IPv6standard. For simplification reasons, it is mentioned in the disclosurethat the network address identifies the home automation equipment item,or the corresponding network equipment item.

Furthermore, the memory 44 advantageously contains program codeinstructions that are executable to ensure the operation previouslydescribed of the controller 42.

The data buses of type RS485, used here in particular to form thephysical link 26, each include a pair of conductive wires, which arepreferably twisted. In order to transmit data on this bus, a carriersignal is emitted, preferably in the form of an electric voltage betweenthis pair of conductive wires, this voltage being able to assumepredefined values so as to encode a piece of information, for example ina binary manner. The shape of the carrier signal is for example definedby standard TIA/EIA-485-A.

In this example, the link 26 is a two-way link of the “half-duplex”type. In a variant, however, it may be a link of the “full-duplex” type.In this case, the module 46 is modified accordingly.

The data transfer speed authorized by the link 26, or binary throughput,here is less than or equal to 200 kbps.

FIG. 4 shows an exemplary network address 50 associated with anequipment item connected to the network 14. This network address 50 hereincludes four components:

-   -   the identifier IID that is uniquely associated with the home        automation equipment item associated with this network interface        40;    -   the identifier or prefix GRP that identifies the communication        network as a whole, to which said equipment item belongs;    -   the identifier SID of the subnetwork SN to which said equipment        item belongs;    -   if applicable, the identifier SSID of the subnetwork SSN or SSSN        of lower level to which said equipment item belongs.

This network address 50 for example assumes the form of a numericalvalue, within which the values of the identifiers IID, GRP, SID and SSIDare concatenated, according to a predefined structure. For example, thenetwork address 50 is an IP address, preferably of type IPv6.

FIG. 5 schematically shows a generic network equipment item 60 intendedto be used in the network 14. The equipment items 60 for examplecorresponds to the router 24.

This equipment item 60 includes an electronic computer 62, a computermemory 64, a first network interface 66 and a second network interface68. The interface 66 is for example intended to be connected to a firstsubnetwork, while the interface 68 is intended to be connected to asecond subnetwork, of lower rank than the first subnetwork. The networkinterfaces 66, 68 are for example each physically similar to theinterface 40. The device 60 includes at least one network address 50that identifies each interface at least within the subnetwork to whichit is intended to be connected. The electronic computer 62 is inparticular programmed to ensure routing of the data packets arrivingfrom the network portion associated with one or the other of theinterfaces 66 or 68 toward an accessible network portion through theother network interface 66 or 68, as a function in particular of thedestination of these data packets. The transmission of the informationthrough the router in particular depends on the topology (or geometry)of the network, the configuration of the communicating equipment itemsand the pairing relationships between equipment items. For example, theequipment items 60 may include a routing table, for example generatedfrom network addresses associated with the interfaces and/or recordedwithin the memory 64.

For example, for the router 24, the interfaces 66 and 68 here arecompatible with the data buses of type RS485.

The gateway 22 has an operation similar to that of the equipment item 60described above. Here, the network interface 66 is connected with thebackbone 20 and the gateway also performs a function of translatingmessages circulating over the network, inasmuch as the physical meansand/or the protocols differ between the backbone and the branches of thesubnetworks.

The communication protocol used by the communication network 14 makes itpossible to ensure the addressing of the messages exchanged between thecommunicating elements of the system 4, including when no pairing hasyet been defined. This makes it possible to test the operation of thenetwork 14 over the course of its creation.

For example, in a configured hierarchical network, the differentpairings between equipment items having to communicate with one anotherhaving been done, when an element of the system 4, such as a controlpoint, must send data to another communicating element of the system 4with which it is paired, such as a first home automation apparatus 6,then the control point generates a message containing the data to besent and containing the network address 50 of the first home automationapparatus as recipient element. The message is thus sent within thenetwork 14 until it reaches its destination. More specifically, themessage intended for a local equipment item belonging to the samesubnetwork travels via the bus 26. The message intended for an equipmentitem located outside the subnetwork is routed using the router 24associated with that subnetwork, which reorients it toward thecorresponding subnetwork, optionally by means of one or several routers,one or several gateways 22 and the backbone 20.

In particular, the network 14 is in particular configured to authorize acommunication of the “multicast” type between the communicating elementsof the network 14, and in particular between the home automationequipment items of the system 4. More specifically, in multicast mode, acommunicating element of the network sends a message simultaneously to agroup to which one or several communicating elements of the network maybe subscribed. A multicast message sent over the network 14 also has afield comprising a broadcast range configuration, preferably assigned bydefault. This range allows the communicating elements to be operationalincluding in the absence of established pairings.

This range configuration may assume several specific values:

-   -   Local range, that of the subnetwork,    -   Range of the subnetworks of equal or lower rank,    -   Site range, the entire network 14.

This range is for example defined by specific values associated with therange configuration field, the network interfaces of the variouscomponents of the network 14 and in particular network equipment items22, 24 then being programmed to recognize such an address and toredirect or not redirect the messages accordingly.

Another field of a message emitted over the network can also comprise amaximum routing number, that is to say, the maximum number of routersthat the message passes through between a communicating element sendinga message and its recipient(s). Upon each router passage, the value ofthis field is decremented.

The choice of the IPv6 protocol is preferred for the network 14, sincethis protocol natively implements such a multicast mode. However, thenetwork 14 could also use a KNX protocol, or in general, any protocolsupporting group addressing and a such diffusion range.

For example, a same control point 8 can be used to control the equipmentof a single area or several areas of the building 2, such as a room ofthis building 2, or an entire floor of the building 2, simply bymodifying its position in the network or by modifying the range of themessage sent by this control point 8 over the network 14, without beingconstrained by the limitations of the data buses conventionally used.The network can also be used without the pairings between the homeautomation equipment items having been done.

For example, when the control point 8 of the subnetwork SSN1 isoperating in multicast mode, then, depending on the selected range ofthe message, it sends a message either to all of the home automationequipment items in its group, that is to say, of the subnetwork SSN1, orto all of the home automation equipment items of the subnetwork SN, orto all of the home automation equipment items of the network 14 as wellas to the central unit 12.

Alternatively for a same local range value for example, if the controlpoint 8 is positioned in a first subnetwork SN1, the message emitted bythe control point 8 will be received by the equipment items of the firstsubnetwork SN1. If it is positioned in a second subnetwork SN2, themessage will be received by the equipment items of the second subnetworkSN2.

For a same subnetwork range value for example, if the control point 8 ispositioned in a first subnetwork SN1, the message emitted by the controlpoint 8 will be received by the equipment items of the first subnetworkSN1 and by the equipment items of any subnetworks of lower rank than thesubnetwork SN1. If it is positioned in a second subnetwork SN2, themessage will be received by the equipment items of the second subnetworkSN2 and by the equipment items of the subnetwork(s) of lower rank thanthe subnetwork SN2. If it is positioned in the subnetwork SN, themessage will be received by the equipment items of the first subnetworkSN1, the equipment items of the subnetwork SN2 and by the equipmentitems of the subnetwork(s) of lower rank than the subnetwork(s) SN1 andSN2.

Since the subnetworks are associated with areas of the building 2, bymonitoring the diffusion of a message within the subnetworks, owing tothe range of the messages, it is easy to control the diffusion of themessages geographically in the building intended for different homeautomation equipment items of the system 4, and it is easy to modify theoperation of the network without changing the physical architecturethereof.

In other words, the functionality of the system 4 is partially definedby the physical architecture of the network 14, the logic architecturebeing able to be modified in a simplified manner after the installation,for example in order to add new subnetworks and/or to modify theexisting subnetworks.

Thus, owing to the invention, the behavior of an equipment item can bedefined by the manner in which the communication network is hardwiredduring its installation and can be modified even after the hardwiringhas been installed, without modifying the hardwired connection of theequipment item in the network.

For example, if new home automation equipment items are installed in aroom of the building 2 after the installation of the system 4, forexample concealing blinds to protect openings of the building 2, thenthese new equipment items can be connected in an existing subnetwork orcan be connected to a new router 24 in order to form a new subnetwork.This new subnetwork is in turn connected to the main network B or to anexisting subnetwork SN, SSN, SSSN and is therefore part of the network14.

The multicast communication described above is not limited to thecontrol points 8 and also applies to the other home automation equipmentitems of the system 4 connected to the network 14, in particular to thesensors. For example, a sensor 10 can send the measured data to varioushome automation equipment items of the system 4, in the case where theiroperation has been programmed as depending on properties measured by thesensor 10. This can for example, non-exhaustively, relate to the case ofconcealing blinds whose triggering depends on the sunshine in thebuilding 2, or an air conditioner whose triggering depends on thetemperature of a room of the building 2.

The network 14 also makes it possible to lift the limitation of theknown systems regarding the maximum number of equipment items able to beconnected. Indeed, the home automation equipment items are connectedwithin subnetworks, the number of which can be multiplied depending onthe needs, by adding gateways 22 and/or routers 24. Even when a data bussuch as a multipoint data bus of type RS485 is used to form a link 26connecting the home automation equipment items within one of thesubnetworks, this is also only restrictive in the known systems, sincehere only a small portion of the home automation equipment items of thesystem 4 is connected on this data bus 26.

The home automation equipment items of the system 4 are advantageouslypreconfigured with a range defined by default when they leave the plantprior to their installation during the placement of the system 4. Thisallows the installer first not to have to worry about anything otherthan placing the cables and placing the home automation equipment itemsaccording to the topology associated with the architecture of thebuilding. Additionally, during the installation of the system 4, owingto this pre-configuration, the installer has the option of testing thedefault behavior of the subnetworks before finalizing the installation,in particular by using local control points temporarily installed in thenetwork, which reduces the installation time.

For example, a configuration method of such a home automation systemcomprises the following steps:

First, a control point 8 having a predefined subnetwork broadcast rangeis installed in a first subnetwork of the communication network 14, forexample the subnetwork SSN1. This installation here is temporary.

Next, a first command is sent in multicast mode from this control point8. This first command for example includes a test message intended to besent over part of the communication network 14. For example, the controlpoint 8 is preconfigured with a default diffusion range predefined asbeing a local range. Thus, the command is considered only to be sent tothe equipment items of the first subnetwork SSN1. It is next verifiedthat the first command applies only to the home automation equipmentitems of the first subnetwork SSN1. This verification is for exampledone automatically, directly or indirectly, for example by reading statevariables of the home automation equipment items that are representativeof the state of the home automation equipment items of the firstsubnetwork SSN1.

At this stage, if the first command applies to home automation equipmentitems other than those of the first subnetwork SSN1, this then indicatesan incorrect configuration of the system 4. The same is true if thefirst command does not apply to all of the home automation equipmentitems of the first subnetwork SSN1.

Otherwise, if the first command applies correctly, then the controlpoint 8 is next installed in a second subnetwork SN of rank n, that isto say, having a rank higher than the rank of the first subnetwork SSN1.For example, the control point 8 is uninstalled from the firstsubnetwork in order to be installed, here temporarily, in this secondsubnetwork SN.

Next, a second command is sent in multicast mode from the control point8 henceforth installed in this second subnetwork SN. Here again, thecontrol point 8 is preconfigured with a default diffusion range set asbeing a local range.

It is then verified that the second command applies to the elements ofthe second subnetwork SN with rank n as well as the elements of thesubnetworks SSN1, SSN2, SSSN of rank lower than rank n. This can be donein a manner similar to the previous verification.

At this stage, if the second command applies to elements other thanthose of the aforementioned networks and subnetworks, or on thecontrary, does not apply to all of these elements, then this indicatesan incorrect configuration of the system 4. Otherwise, the operation isconsidered to be normal. The installation of the system 4 can continue.

The embodiments and alternatives and embodiments considered above may becombined to create new embodiments.

1. A home automation system for a building, this building being dividedinto several areas, wherein the home automation system includes: homeautomation equipment items, distributed within areas of the building,and a communication network, to which the home automation equipmentitems are connected, this communication network authorizing anintercommunication of the home automation equipment items according to apredefined communication protocol; wherein the communication network isa hardwired hierarchical network including: a first network of rank n, aplurality of subnetworks of lower hierarchical rank n-1, connected tothe first network, each subnetwork being associated with an area of thebuilding, each subnetwork containing at least one of the home automationequipment items; each subnetwork of lower hierarchical rank n-1 beingconnected to the first network of rank n by a network equipment item,such as a router.
 2. The home automation system of claim 1, wherein atleast a part of the home automation equipment items of the communicationnetwork is configured to provide information to the other homeautomation equipment items with an adjustable diffusion range intendedsolely for the subnetwork of lower hierarchical rank n-1 in which it islocated, or several of the subnetworks of lower hierarchical rank n-1 orthe entirety of the network of rank n and subnetworks with rank n-1. 3.The home automation system of claim 2, wherein the network equipmentitem is configured to inhibit the propagation of information to the homeautomation equipment items of subnetworks of equal hierarchical rank ifthe adjustable diffusion range is a local range.
 4. The home automationsystem of claim 2, wherein the network equipment item authorizes thepropagation of information to the home automation equipment items ofsubnetworks of lower hierarchical rank if the adjustable range is alocal range.
 5. The home automation system of claim 1, wherein thecommunication protocol is the IP protocol.
 6. The home automation systemof claim 1, wherein the network of hierarchical rank n is a main networkcomprising a common data bus, and wherein, among the subnetworks, atleast a first of these subnetworks is connected to the main network bymeans of a network equipment item in the form of a connection gatewaybetween the common data bus and the first hardwired subnetwork, thephysical medium of the main network and the first subnetwork beingdifferent.
 7. The home automation system of claim 6, wherein the commondata bus is an Ethernet link.
 8. The home automation system of claim 1,wherein the network of hierarchical rank n and the subnetworks of lowerhierarchical rank n-1 comprise identical physical media, each of thesubnetworks being connected to the network of hierarchical rank n bymeans of a network equipment item such as a router.
 9. The homeautomation system of claim 8, wherein the home automation equipmentitems of a same subnetwork are interconnected using a wired physicallink.
 10. The home automation system of claim 1, wherein the networkequipment items and the home automation equipment items are eachequipped with a network interface that connects them to thecommunication network, this network interface being programmed toimplement a network stack according to the predefined communicationprotocol.
 11. The home automation system according to claim 1, wherein ahome automation equipment item is a controllable home automationapparatus provided with a controllable actuator, or a control point, ora sensor.
 12. A building, comprising several areas and equipped with ahome automation system comprising home automation equipment itemsdistributed within areas of the building, wherein the home automationsystem is according to claim
 1. 13. A method for configuration a homeautomation system according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises thefollowing steps: Installing a control point having a predefinedsubnetwork diffusion range in a first subnetwork of a communicationnetwork of the home automation system; Sending, to the communicationnetwork, a first command in multicast mode from this control point;Verifying that the first command applies only to the home automationequipment items of the first subnetwork, the configuration of the homeautomation system being considered incorrect otherwise; Installing thecontrol point in a second subnetwork with rank n, having a rank higherthan the rank of the first subnetwork; Sending, to the communicationnetwork, a second command in multicast mode from the control point;Verifying that the second command applies to the elements of the secondsubnetwork with rank n as well as the elements of the subnetworks ofrank lower than rank n, the configuration of the home automation systembeing considered incorrect otherwise.
 14. The home automation system ofclaim 9, wherein the physical link is a multipoint data bus.
 15. Thehome automation system of claim 3, wherein the network equipment itemauthorizes the propagation of information to the home automationequipment items of subnetworks of lower hierarchical rank if theadjustable range is a local range.
 16. The home automation system ofclaim 2, wherein the communication protocol is the IP protocol.
 17. Thehome automation system of claim 3, wherein the communication protocol isthe IP protocol.
 18. The home automation system of claim 4, wherein thecommunication protocol is the IP protocol.
 19. The home automationsystem of claim 2, wherein the network of hierarchical rank n is a mainnetwork comprising a common data bus, and wherein, among thesubnetworks, at least a first of these subnetworks is connected to themain network by means of a network equipment item in the form of aconnection gateway between the common data bus and the first hardwiredsubnetwork, the physical medium of the main network and the firstsubnetwork being different.
 20. The home automation system of claim 3,wherein the network of hierarchical rank n is a main network comprisinga common data bus, and wherein, among the subnetworks, at least a firstof these subnetworks is connected to the main network by means of anetwork equipment item in the form of a connection gateway between thecommon data bus and the first hardwired subnetwork, the physical mediumof the main network and the first subnetwork being different.